site which really help teacher in learning

https://www.cultofpedagogy.com/learning-strategies/

https://www.sdera.wa.edu.au/media/2134/ccea-section-g-teaching-and-learning-strategies.pdf

http://www.learningscientists.org/blog/2016/7/7-1

How to ask personal information.

 

How to ask personal information.

Could I get your number?  Little indirect

Could I get your e-mail address? Little indirect

Are you on facebook?

Are you on skype?

Are you on linkedin?

Yes, I’m. my skype is ……

or no, but my phone number is….

Of course, my phone number is…..

Of course, my email address is….

What’s your number? direct

 

 

What do you should say when you forget someone’s name?

Most native speaker of English would never say this question “what’s your name?”, The common question that we as a student  learn  to ask someone’s name is by saying what is your name?

It is more polite to be little indirect, such us ask someone’s name by sayin “hi, I’m zulfa and you?”

Just introduce yourself and most people will respond by doing the same.

If you forget someone’s name, the most polite to do is to apologize and ask again. I’m sorry, what was your name? or I’m sorry, what was your name again?

In united kindom, it is normal to address people by name in conversation, it is way to show respect, for example: when you are talking to the person name andy, you can say, andy, what do you do for fun?

Or what do you do for fun, andy?

 

 

Where you live?

You can answer to this question where do you live such as I live in Indonesia. Etc. there are many ways to answer this question.

Afre asking someone’s live, you can add comment such us: that's a really nice area or the park that is really pretty. Don’t comment negative.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

You can ask about someone school to the person upper 22 years old. Where did you go to university? And you can answer “ I went to (name of university), in (city). I went to Tokyo university in japan. You can add comment or response, wow, that’s a really famous university.

Or you can ask again, what was your major? Or what did you study?

 

 

 

 

How to ask about someone’s family?

Do you have any siblings? It Is a direct question

You have to say” do you have any brothers or sisters? It is little indirect. And you can answer, “yes, I have two brothers.” Or” I have a brother and a sister.” Or I have two sisters.”

Or yeah I have two younger brother. (saya punya dua adik laki-laki)

Or yes, I have a younger brother and an older sister.(saya punya adik laki-laki dan kakak perempuan)

 

If someone only answer “ I have a brother and a sister.”you can ask “is he or she older or younger than you?” or “are they older or younger than you?”

 

If you don’t have a brother and a sister, you can answer “ I’m an only child”

And after someone’s answer your question, you can say, “oh really?

 

 

 

 

 

 

How to compliment someone

I love your (noun)

I really like your (noun)

Response thanks, oh really? thanks

Where did you get it? or where sis you buy it? the answer “ I got it at  (shop) in (town/city).” Or “I got it in (country)”

Don’t ask how much it costs to native English speaker, because it is rude question and only can be ask by close friend. And don’t say “it looks expensive” or “how much was it?”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

How to ask what people do on weekday evening.

What do you usually do on Friday or Saturday nights?

What do you usually do on weekend?

 

What kinds of music do you like? This is formal ways.

The natural ways is “What kinds of music are you into?

You can answer “ I’m really into hip-hop” or “i really like classical music” and “ I like people like maherzain”

 

 

 

Talk about food

What kind of food do you like? This is common question.

It is better so ask; do you like fish and ships? Yes, I do

And you can response, Why do you like it?

If you don’t like fish, you can say “not really.”

And you can response “do you know a good place for ramen?”

 

 

 

Asking someone holidays.

Are you going on holiday this year?

yeah I'm going to Hawaii in July

 

I'm planning to go to Hawaii or maybe Thailand.

 

 

 

Sumber : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XtEixjKMPfM&t=824s

 

 

 

How to ask personal information.

 

How to ask personal information.

Could I get your number?  Little indirect

Could I get your e-mail address? Little indirect

Are you on facebook?

Are you on skype?

Are you on linkedin?

Yes, I’m. my skype is ……

or no, but my phone number is….

Of course, my phone number is…..

Of course, my email address is….

What’s your number? direct

 

 

What do you should say when you forget someone’s name?

Most native speaker of English would never say this question “what’s your name?”, The common question that we as a student  learn  to ask someone’s name is by saying what is your name?

It is more polite to be little indirect, such us ask someone’s name by sayin “hi, I’m zulfa and you?”

Just introduce yourself and most people will respond by doing the same.

If you forget someone’s name, the most polite to do is to apologize and ask again. I’m sorry, what was your name? or I’m sorry, what was your name again?

In united kindom, it is normal to address people by name in conversation, it is way to show respect, for example: when you are talking to the person name andy, you can say, andy, what do you do for fun?

Or what do you do for fun, andy?

 

 

Where you live?

You can answer to this question where do you live such as I live in Indonesia. Etc. there are many ways to answer this question.

Afre asking someone’s live, you can add comment such us: that's a really nice area or the park that is really pretty. Don’t comment negative.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

You can ask about someone school to the person upper 22 years old. Where did you go to university? And you can answer “ I went to (name of university), in (city). I went to Tokyo university in japan. You can add comment or response, wow, that’s a really famous university.

Or you can ask again, what was your major? Or what did you study?

 

 

 

 

How to ask about someone’s family?

Do you have any siblings? It Is a direct question

You have to say” do you have any brothers or sisters? It is little indirect. And you can answer, “yes, I have two brothers.” Or” I have a brother and a sister.” Or I have two sisters.”

Or yeah I have two younger brother. (saya punya dua adik laki-laki)

Or yes, I have a younger brother and an older sister.(saya punya adik laki-laki dan kakak perempuan)

 

If someone only answer “ I have a brother and a sister.”you can ask “is he or she older or younger than you?” or “are they older or younger than you?”

 

If you don’t have a brother and a sister, you can answer “ I’m an only child”

And after someone’s answer your question, you can say, “oh really?

 

 

 

 

 

 

How to compliment someone

I love your (noun)

I really like your (noun)

Response thanks, oh really? thanks

Where did you get it? or where sis you buy it? the answer “ I got it at  (shop) in (town/city).” Or “I got it in (country)”

Don’t ask how much it costs to native English speaker, because it is rude question and only can be ask by close friend. And don’t say “it looks expensive” or “how much was it?”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

How to ask what people do on weekday evening.

What do you usually do on Friday or Saturday nights?

What do you usually do on weekend?

 

What kinds of music do you like? This is formal ways.

The natural ways is “What kinds of music are you into?

You can answer “ I’m really into hip-hop” or “i really like classical music” and “ I like people like maherzain”

 

 

 

Talk about food

What kind of food do you like? This is common question.

It is better so ask; do you like fish and ships? Yes, I do

And you can response, Why do you like it?

If you don’t like fish, you can say “not really.”

And you can response “do you know a good place for ramen?”

 

 

 

Asking someone holidays.

Are you going on holiday this year?

yeah I'm going to Hawaii in July

 

I'm planning to go to Hawaii or maybe Thailand.

 

 

 

Sumber : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XtEixjKMPfM&t=824s

 

 

 

Where are you from?

Where are you from?

It can mean which city are you from? Or Which country are you from?

There are two ways to answer this question:

• I’m Japanese.


• I’m Indonesian.

Or

• I’m from japan.


• I’m from Indonesia.

If you are from famous city, you can say I’m from new delhi. Or I’m from Jakarta.

You can also ask question. Are you from London?

And you can answer no, I’m from Jakarta.

How native English speaking ask each other about their hobbies are?

Native English speaker almost never use the word hobby to ask about someone’s hobbies.

The common question from textbook about asking hobbies is “do you have any hobbies?” or “what are your hobbies?”

This is question about how to ask hobbies.

• What do you do for fun?


• What do you do in your spare time?

We can answer by answer

I like to watch film or I like watching film.

I like to play golf or I like playing golf.

I really like watching film. I kind of like playing golf.

If you don’t have any special hobbies, you can say I like spending time with my friends, and stuff like that.

Sumber: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XtEixjKMPfM

 

How is the different between“what are you doing?” and “what do you do?” ?

A: What are you doing? (This question means what are you doing right now on this minute or right now)

B: I’m watching movie

A: What do you do? (This question means what do you do for living or what is your job)

B: I’m a teacher.

And you can mention the place of you working at.

I work at a hospital. I work at a law firm.

If you work for big company, you can say

I work for the BBC.

We can make positive comment about his/her job. Such us:

• How interesting!


• That must be exciting


• Oh, Really!

Are there many ways to ask and answer the question “how are you”?

In United Kingdom,  this is how to answer “How are you? “

• I’m fine thanks.


• I’m good, thanks. (it means, I’m fine)


• Not too bad. (it means if you are feeling juts ok or so-so or netral).

The question “how are you?” is a common question to ask someone about someone’s condition in formal way. There are different ways to ask how someone is.

This ways is more casual and much more common.

Hi, how are you doing?

Hi, how’s it going?

You alright? (very casual)

In British, this is how to answer “how are you?”

• Not so good. (you are not alright, or not good)


• Not great.


• I’ve been better

This sentence or phrase can use if you are really good:

- Fantastic

- Fabulous

- I’m very well indeed.

sumber : learn british englsih in 90 minute

Are there many reasons to be happy?

The answer to this question is yes. The key to be happy is only one. It is grateful.  What is grateful means? Grateful is the way we thank to ALLAH SWT.  ALLOH who create this universe, this earth and all thing inside it such us human, animals, etc. so, how to grateful to ALLAH?

Please imagine, you can breathe with normally. How about them, who get asthma, they can’t breathe the air normally, they are tired only just to breath. And we, as a person who can breathe with normally, can we feel that?.

Then, we can see the world with our eyes normally. Imagine they who can’t see, can’t see the world, eve thing is dark, everything is so dark. We don’t have to use stick to walk to direct the ways. We can see by our own eyes.

Our ears, we can hear normally. Imagine, they who can’t hear. They can’t hear how the world it is. And we can hear normally.

Imagine we have home and the other didn’t have. We can eat with delicious food, and the other can’t.

useful website to improve your vocabulary

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/content. this is a website that i think really useful to improve your vocabulary.

please visit it. and you will find that there is amazing way to enjoy the lesson.

What should you do when you feel hurt?

There are three main points that I would like to share with you. First, In my opinion, and according my experience as a woman, the best thing to do when we as a human feel hurt, we can retell to our best friends or to our mother. Why we should tell it, because it can release our emotion in good manner. And why should we tell it to our best friends or our mother? It is because our best friend or our mother is the nearest person with us.

Second. We can release our emotion by write a diary in blog, or in our own books. And i’m really sure that it can release your emotion of being hurt become something that makes you relax. I said that because I feel what I said. I will not say that it is good for you if I don’t experience that kind. In the diary, we can express what we feel right now, whether it is happy or sad, or any feeling that we feel. But you should write it immediately. For example, today you get bad accident or happy thing, before one hour or two hours from the accidents, you should immediately write it. You should find you book or your laptop and write it in Microsoft word.

At last, you should pray to Allah SWT. In the middle of night, you should wake up and take water then get a wudhu. After that you should pray tahajud. Then, you ask to Allah for Help, and don’t forget to ask forgiveness. Because Allah said in the qur’an to ask to Allah. And Allah is near with you. So, believe that Allah will be granted your prayer.

How the teacher should behave when the students doing bad behavior in the class?

Feedback is should be given during the classroom activities. A teacher gives feedback when students do something that should be corrected, such us if students spell something wrong in English, so the teacher asked something ei or ai. And the students think and repeat what should be spell correctly. It is appropriate I think to correct it to give feedback about the material, so the students can understand how to spell it.

But, when student do wrong thing in their behavior during the process of classroom activity, the teacher should talk directly to that student that the behavior is not appropriate.

Teacher should not talk or give advice to the whole class that the children wrong in behavior; you should do this and not do this. That kind of thing will make the student feel hurt both mental and physical. Teacher should not rebuke the student bad character in front of the class, because that kind can open a disgrace of the student. As we remember my last post of Harun ar-rosyyid.

So, the teacher can talk face to face to the teacher that have bad behavior privately, in teacher room maybe, and talk that the kind of behavior is not good. Talk with affection to the student that as a teacher, we want that student have good character.

My Fifth Reflection

My Fifth Reflection

From 12^th - 16^th of March 2018, I learn about assessment. There are two kinds of assessments. First, it is formative assessment. Formative assessment is assessment which is carried out in the moment and is designed to help the learning process as it takes place. Formative assessment is done with the learner. Second, it is summative assessment. Summative assessment takes place after the learning has occurred and is designed to summarize what has been done so far. It is done to the learner.

So, formative assessment is done day by day when the process of learning such as feedback while summative assessment is done after the process of learning such us, daily examination, mid test, and final test.

In making objectives of Lesson Plan should from simple to complex, from concrete to abstract.

Principle of Material Development

In making task and test should pay attention these things:

1. Make test and task are interesting, relevant, and enjoyable as possible as


2. Set achievable challenges (not too easy and not too difficult)

The teacher should meet the needs and wants of the learners and the material need to be written in such a way that the teacher can make use of them as a resource.

Scientific Approach

1. Observing

In observing, the teacher can built prior knowledge of the students by asking any question which is related with the material. The students can watch the video about how to asked people’s job, or see the picture then the students asked by the teacher about what is going on the the video or the picture related to the topic which will be given.

2. Questioning

In questioning, the teacher can give a modeling by asking the students a question, such us: if the teacher wants to give a modeling about people’s job, the teacher can ask each student the question such us:

• Are you a student?


• Is your mother a teacher?


• Is your brother a doctor?


• Is your uncle a police?


• Is your father an entrepreneur?

If the teacher wants to give modeling about things in the classroom, the teacher can ask each student the question such us:

• Is this a television?


• Are these the desk?


• Is that air conditioner?


• Is those books?

3. Data Collection

In data collection, the students are given a vocabulary related with the objectives which can make them know well the vocabulary. For example, the objectives of the lesson plan is the students are able to describe place, so the teacher can asked a question that can built their vocabulary about place, such us:

• Bandung is a modern city, isn’t it?


• Bandung has a traffic jam, hasn’t it?


• Bandung has a lot of tour place, hasn’t it?

4. Associating

In associating,

I have an object that you have to be describe.

There are 4 objects:

1. The first is a cupboard


2. The second is desk


3. The third is television


4. The fourth is air conditioning

Try to say what we are going to discuss; television, desk, air conditioning, cupboard

A teacher asked students to write on a piece of paper of the one word above then adhere in things which are in the class. Then repeat again the words.

A teacher should divide the students into 4 groups. Then each group should make a description text about topic which has been given (cupboard, desk, television, air condition). After the students finish make a description text, each groups should give a presentation to the other groups. And each group should give an assessment to the group which is doing the presentation.

A teacher asked students to observe out of the class the thing which is around the school environments, by giving the table to students:

No	Name Object	Shape	Size	Color	Quality

 After the observation, the students are doing presentation again in front of the class. Then present the presentation in front of the class again

5. Communicating

Teacher and students are doing a reflection what has been learned.

 

 

 

How to make a question which can make the students have a critical thinking?

 

Our Television

We have a television in our classroom. The color is black. The shape is rectangle. The size is 24 inch. It has a remote control. We like watching television.

Don’t ask students a question which has been provided in the text, such us:

1. What is the tittle of the text?


2. Where the stories take place?

As a teacher, we have to make critical thinking question which is out of the text such us:

1. Why the shape is rectangle not square?


2. Does the remote control work well?


3. What can we do from remote control?


4. Why should I change the channel to tvone if I want to watch the news?


5. Why the television is national channel not local channel?


6. Why the color of the television is black not pink?


7. How can we do with remote control?

The ways to make question:

1. True or false question


2. Use the question which examines the students understanding about the text.


3. Multiple choices. Don’t make the question including “EXCEPT” word in the multiple choice because it is lower question.


4. Synonym from the text.

If the teacher want the students have a spoken test at the end of the lesson, the teacher should give an example how to present a text with spoken. If the teacher wants the students to have a written test, the teacher should give an example of written.

 

 

 

 

 

My Fourth Reflection

My Fourth Reflection

Objections lesson

Create a lesson plan like making fried rice. It should be clear the purpose in the lesson plan, the purpose of the lesson can be one. How to achieve that goal? Example goals: children can introduce themselves. What are some things we can help with which they end up / learners have self-introduction? Giving an example and identify and know what expressions should be said in introduction. Then will the students be able to talk immediately introduction? No.

So after that, they have to pronounce / mentioning self-identity / drilling / repeating.  How the students can identify names and mention them. How the students can identify age and etc.

We must use learners in making activities in lesson plan.

Approach, Method, Techniques

• What is method?

Include precipitations for the teacher and the learner

For teacher is what material and activities should use, how they should be used and what the role of the teacher should be

• What is approach?

A theory on the nature of language and a theory on the nature of language learning both of which comprise the approach

• What needs to be taught?

1. phonological units


2. Grammatical units and operations


3. Lexical item

• What are components of a method?

Method is consisting of syllabus. Syllabus is the level at which theory is put into practice and at which choices are made about the content to be taught, the skills to be developed.

How language learned (the approach)

Different overall ways of teaching based on elected approach (the method)

Different kinds of classroom activities (the techniques)

There are many kinds of method:

1. Direct method (only everyday vocabulary was taught through pictures and object, new teaching introduce orally, correct pronunciation and grammar are emphasis)


2. Traditional grammar


3. The audio-lingual method (drilling/repeat is the characterize, influence by behaviorism, new material presents in dialog form, memorize, an imitate the phrase, error are not accepted, so if you wrong in pronunciation you should try again until can said correctly, pronunciation which is emphasize base on what students hear). This techniques are repetition drill, transformation drill (have to transform into negative sentence) complete the dialogue.


4. Designer method (total physical response, suggestopedia, the silent way)


5. Silent way( by problem solving material to be learn, teacher just silent, and the learner work corroboration, only use symbol of finger when the students good in learning or bad In learning


6. suggestopedia (using music , learning facilities as comfortable as possible, learning though posters, baroque music is plays, error are tolerated, homework is limited is re-reading the dialogue, )


7. Total physical response (base on listening linked to physical activities, for child first language acquisition and don’t give grammar, learner are encourage to speak when they feel ready to speak)


8. Communicative language teaching (authentic and meaningful communication is the goal of activities, fluency is important)


9. Task-based language learning (is a method of instruction, students doing meaningful task example visiting the doctor, calling costumer service for help. Assessment based on task, outcome. Learning process in task-based language learning: pre task- phrase, doing of the task and the post task phrase.


10. problem associated with method (developed in US and UK)


11. Eclectic approach in teaching English

 

Genre based approach and scientific approach

We as a teacher should make a sentence must be good according to Hot's and Lot's.

• My cat is black (lower order thinking)


• My cat is totally black (higher order thinking)


• My cat has four Legs (T/F) (Higher)

In making a lesson plan, we should consider whether in the city or in rural, the background of students’ parents whether they are teachers / employers, etc. We should also consider whether in Islamic schools or non-Islamic schools.

What method that the teacher use?

No	Genre Base Approach	Scientific Approach
1	Building knowledge of the Field	Observing
2	Modeling of the text	Questioning
3	Joint Construction	Exploring/Data Collection
4	Independent Knowledge	Associating
5		Communicating

1. BKOF is knowing, stimulating, make students curious, giving question.

For example:   - teacher writes a sentence in a piece of paper

- I have a sentence here; it is a sentence which is favorites of teenagers. (While the teacher moves the hand that will make the students curious and let the students guess although it is wrong)

- The students have to guest the sentences that the teacher gave

- Teachers can say something to make students curious:  this sentence is a simple sentence; we meet every day in our life, this sentence use every day by a mother to express love to the children.

- Look students, I have something in my hand, (by moving our hand to up, behind the body)

- Teachers do not just stand in front of class, but the teacher must walk forward, backward, right side, left side.

-  we have to teach the students to care through text, for example: the teacher gives the word I LOVE YOU in a piece of paper that the students should guest, and both teacher and students open the paper by saying, let’s open it then saying one, two, three, in English language, but do not immediately give to students or open the sentence of Peace of paper. After opening the sentence, all the students said it together. And doing a role plays to the next friend by saying to your friend I LOVE YOU then answer by another friend I LOVE YOU TOO.

2. Work in group of pair, then every group give one word which they should make it as one sentence, after that fold the paper which is the sentence should collect again in front. After that, students have to pick one sentence which is different from the front. Next, the students have to change it into a question and answer it with yes, or no. next, gather it again, then collect the sentence where the activity is roughly done outside and the activities carried out inside.


3. Joint construction. Create a group of two from 14 people. Make the sentence obtained into a paragraph. We must use the word we, our, etc. from the sentence we can have character buildings. if early in the morning do not direct breakfast, but must clean up the house first.

Ask the students, why family should breakfast first in the morning? Why do they don’t cleaning in the morning? The question (why?) This will make the students to think higher order thinking.

4. Independent construction of text. At this stage, students are still divided into two groups as well, but students are given a blank format of one paragraph, and students work with their group, and make one paragraph about the descriptive text (simple present tense)

 

 

My Third Reflection

My Third Reflection

We as a teacher have to give our students activity that can make them have a critical thinking, and they can solve the problem. We can look at the PISA (The programme for international student assessment, there are a lot of question that can make the students have a critical thinking and higher order thinking.  We as a teacher have to read a lot, especially news such us BBA, Jakarta Post, British Council, CNN, VOA, TED and Journal Article.

Lesson Plan is consist of 5 things:

1. Objectives


2. Media


3. Material


4. Teaching activities


5. Assessment

Teaching Objective formula is consisting of 4 things:

1. Audience (peserta didik)


2. Behavior (apa yang harus siswa capai)


3. Conditioning (keadaan atau kondisi siswa sebelum dan sesudah melakukan kegiatan)


4. Degree

Contoh: Dengan Mengamati contoh, siswa dapat membaca tesk deskriptif tentang benda hidup dan tak hidup dengan lancar.

Dengan mengamati contoh = condition

Siswa = audience

dapat membaca tesk deskriptif tentang benda hidup dan tak hidup = behavior

dengan lancar  = degree

Learning method:

1. Scientific Approach


2. Inquiry/Discovery Learning


3. Problem Based Learning


4. Project Based Learning


5. Cooperative Learning


6. Genre Based Approach

Why classroom by teachers?

It is because the results in hypotheses generated through an accurately process and grounded in the data to which they are apply, and to open up their work to critique and if possible to publish it.

 

 

Genre, what is genre?

“A stage, goal oriented, purposeful activity which speakers engage as members of our culture”(martin 1984:25) Jadi bergenre pada dasarnya adalah beraktifitas.

Unsur genre:

1. Langkah-langkah (generic structure)


2. Fitur linguistic (lexico-grammar)


3. Ketercapaian tujuan komunikasi (social function)

We use language is to get the thing done. Apa yang dipikirkan itu adalah budaya.

If we as a teacher explain about tenses to our students, the explanation is no have a genre.

Genre base approach, there are four part of GBA:

1. Build knowledge of the field

Mempersiapkan siswa untuk memasuki materi yang akan dibahas.

Jika guru memberikan gambar rumah(descriptive text),maka guru dapat memberi pertanyaan:

• Gambar apa ini?


• Apa warna dinding rumah ini?


• Warnaya apa?

Then, doing drilling/ repeat about thing which are in the house such as: window, door, etc.

Then, ask about students’ house.

2. Modeling

We have to give an example to the students about descriptive text, if we want to give rumah ahmad text so we should show the text to the students. Lexico-grammatical in text descriptive is the adjective which is in the text descriptive of rumah ahmad. Social function is there is describe of rumah ahmad.

3. Joint construction

Using the text from text modeling, we give to the students’ one sentence and then students have to continue what is the next sentence without see the original of modeling text. The students have to make the new one. Independent construction of the text.

4. Independent Construction of text

The students ask to make descriptive text about (chose one)

• my school


• my classes


• My canteen

 

 

Inclusive and Exclusive Plurality

The answer to a question with a bare plural like children is ‘yes’, even when the verifying situation involve only one child

• Do you have children? --- yes, I have one child./ *No, I have (only) one child.

In (1), “children” is not “more than one child”, but “one or more child”. This is an inclusive plural reading : the reference of the plural phrase INCLUDE single individuals.

Inclusive : one or more /any number

Exclusive (in English) : two or more/any number

Inclusive Plural readings are found in environments including polar question (1), in if-clauses (2), under negation (3), and in the first argument of quantifiers like every.

• If you see dogs in the kitchen, you should call us. [if-clause, inclusive plural reading: addressee is expected to call if one or more dogs are seen]


• I did not see dogs in the kitchen. [negation, inclusive plural reading: false if speaker saw one dog]


• Every student who saw dogs in the kitchen must report to the administration. [every, inclusive plural reading: students who saw one dog must also report to the administration]

 

• I saw dogs.


• I didn’t see dogs.

In the example (5), convey that the speaker saw more than one dog because the addressee assumes that if reference to one dog had been intended, the speaker would have been as informative as possible, and would have used the more informative singular instead.

In the example (6), here is the exclusive plural reading (meaning that no dogs were seen, not even one) is stronger than the inclusive reading.

 

My Second Reflection

My Second Reflection

• What the different is between assessment and test. Assessment is what you do it every day whether test is more formal.


• In project base assessment what should be assessed. It is not only result but also the process that should be assessed.


• Scientific approach is an approach which is start with problems. First step of scientific approach is observation. It is by giving a model to students, a good teacher always give a modeling or example.


• How to explain linguistic feature to our students. It is by giving a words “ciri khas” of recount text or narrative text, etc.


• How to explain social function. It is by giving a question.


• IPK in English should consider 4 characteristic; one of them is critical thinking and problem solving. A critical teacher will give the same treatment to all students. Critical thinking and problem solving according to taxonomy bloom are consist of six things:

1. Knowledge means that it is factual information. For example, the students should remember that to be is (are, am , is).


2. Comprehension


3. Application


4. Analysis


5. Synthesis


6. Evaluation

Are we critical enough or not? If we as a teacher explain to primary students about past tense, we have to explain with work something on it. If we explain past tense to junior high students, we can show a video to students and the students should find out past tense in the video.

In making a lesson plan, we should think about what material will be delivered, what the activity is in the class, how long the material will be delivered and what the competency is will be get by the students. Main component of lesson plan are what the objective is, how the method is, and how to assess. There are four steps in Lesson plan:

1. We have to motivate at the first thing by introduce the topic to the students:

- warn up (what did you do? How are you?)

- Review (what did we learn to do last time?)

- Introduce the topic (Today, we are learning to understand medicine label)

- ask the learner about their own experience (do you take a medicine? Where do you buy a medicine?)

It needs 15-10 minute to give motivation or apresepsi. Both teacher and students are talk in this stage.

2. Preventative of new material

Introduces the new competency, vocabulary, structure, etc. it needs 15 minutes, the teacher does most of talking in the class.

3. Practice

Techniques for practice:

• In pairs, practice conversation from the textbook.


• Provide prompts to change the conversation


• Students have to practice it with several different sets of vocabulary or circumstance.


• Students use the labels to fill the exercise to be answered


• Games for controlled practice.

It needs 25-35% of our class. The students do almost all of talking in this segment.

4. Application (gets students using the new language for their own real reasons)

It is the reason for the lesson. In skill of speaking, the students can do activity such us:

- Role plays (their own conversation)

- Project base: The students get information and compile it.

- Group discussion-making

It needs 25-35% of our class time. Students do all of talking and in this segment. Assignment, or homework, wrap-up should also follow. Evaluation can be done by asking a question. We can use the word excellent; good; well done to motivate the students.

In classroom action research, there are six characteristic:

1. Reflective critique. Reflection is an evaluation or assessment effort, and this reflection needs to be a critical effort. So, there will be changes.


2. Dialectic critique.




4. Risking disturbance


5. Creating plural structures


6. Theory and practice Internalized

Teks sistematik dan teks fungsional

1. Explicit


2. Needs-based


3. Systematic(runtut dan terpadu)


4. Supportive (membantu pembelajaran dan kreatifitas dalam penggunaan bahasa


5. Critical


6. Empowering


7. Sadar akan makna teks

Genre consist of stories, factual, evaluating

Jenis teks ada 3, yaitu:

1. Teks transaksi interpersonal

• Good luck - hai                  - see you later      - thank you      -Pay attention please

2. Teks transaksi Interaksional


3. Menawarkan- diterima/ditolak

A: Can you close the door please?

B: sure.

1. Mengundang- diterima/ditolak

A: Can you come to my home?

B: I’m sorry I can’t

1. Asking for assessment- setuju/tidak

A: what do you think about that cat?

B: It’s cute.

1. Bertanya- dijawab/tidak dijawab

A: where do you live?

B: I live in Bandung

1. Memberi pujian- diterima/ditolak

A: How beautiful your veil?

B: Thanks

1. Mengeluh- meminta maaf

Peringatan-persetujuan

A: the food is too salty

B: I’m sorry, I will replace it

A: Be careful, there is a hole in that street

B: yes, thanks

1. Menuduh-menyangkal

A: Do you break that computer, doesn’t you?

B: no, I don’t break that.

3. Teks fungsional

My first Reflection

My First Reflection

I understand about something that has been taught by a lecturer. It is as follow:

A professional teacher for me is a teacher who make the students have a critical thinking, creativity, critically, independently, empathy, a teacher who can manage the class, using a suitable method, a teacher who know the students’ background, know the students’ needs, social, know the students ways of learning, for example: kinesthetic, audio, visual, audiovisual, a teacher who have a knowledge (professional), social, pedagogy, and personal.

A teacher should not force the students which they can’t do, it is same as a fish force to climb trees, it is impossible. Teaching is not for everyone. Teaching is an art. The teachers have to improve knowledge and the teacher should reach the students hearts.

We have to use methodology which is different with 20^th century, because our job is to educate and the student has different strength, motivation, and dream, We should show our empathy.

Four competences should have by a teacher:

1. Pedagogic


2. Professional


3. Social


4. Personal

How to make a student to active in the class?

1. Give a game


2. Motivate them

Why does the students silent in the class?

1. Maybe it is because of using social media


2. Have a problem


3. Don’t understand the lessons


4. Puberty


5. Maybe the students don’t like the teacher, example: the teacher talk to fast

What is the problem of education Indonesia?

1. Character


2. Creativity, critically, independently, collaboration(communication skill, team work)


3. Don’t make the student become a robot (example: memorizing)

Why do we need to think critically?

• To different what is the fact and the opinion

How is the critical method?

• Critical thinking comes from our daily activity, which is by asking something, for example: from text (look at the connectivity of character in the text), how does the author describe teacher figure? A man describe as strong, etc. it is a problem, because why the boy always create as a strong, etc.


• We should critic with the narrative text, for example: in Cinderella story, which is after she gets hurt, she is instead happy rather than sad. She is dance etc. so, we should teach to our students, if we get hurt we have to report it.

Factor that influence how to teach:

1. Personal character


2. Experience, preparation, and education


3. Content of teaching

The thing should be master by teacher:

1. Knowledge


2. Passion


3. Experience

Higher order thinking is keep searching the information and solves a problem.

Lower order thinking is a concept that can be guessed.

Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) is a learning method which involving 7 things :

1. Inquiry (to train students to wonder what to discuss)


2. Questioning (to ask)


3. Constructivism (to guess)


4. Cooperative learning


5. Learning community


6. Reflection


7. Modeling

Acquisition is subconscious, learning is conscious process. Aqcuisition yaitu proses belajar bahasa secara alami dari pengalaman langsung dalam berkomunikasi dengan bahasa tersebut. Sedangkan learning adalah proses belajar bahasa melalui pemahaman unsur-unsur bahasa yang kemudian digunakan untuk berkomunikasi

The attitude of asking question to the teacher

The attitude of asking question to teacher:

Don't ask a question which test teachers' knowledge

Why are the teacher angry when the student can't do something in thelesson?

This is a question that always make me want to find out the answer and this question make me want to flashback to my experiment when I taught my Students in vocational school.

After passed S1, I taught a students in vocational school. In the process of teaching, I gave all thing, all my knowledge that I can give to my students. I tried hard to make them understand english lesson. Sometimes I used game, I also asked them to have a role play, or group work. And sometimes I also taught them by using metode ceramah or teacher centers to deliver the material.
When the process of the taching, I ever wanted to upset to my student because the student hasn't understand the material that i delivered.
But I didn't said to the all students that I was upset at that time.
Because I looked at my self , maybe there was something wrong with my teaching strategy or something else.
And I was ever sad when i saw the students result of examination have bad score after count the average of all students.



I can control myself at the time, because i want to teach them rather than to scold them. I just want them to understand the lesson.



Now, i'm being the student again. And i feel when the teacher give a feedback such us angry but not angry i think ,it is maybe more emphatic.
It is not comfortable.
Then, i reflect myself, maybe i ever conscious like that to my student. Unconscious angry or more emphatic, so i feel also what they have ever feel

Start to love reading

How can you love to read?

I'm a person who don't like reading, especially novels because there was a lot of pages in novel, but how i do like reading. i found one secret that you can do. i love reading because i force to read, so from that i love reading.



when you force yourself to read because of the duty which make you should read, so, you will love reading.